Paper We're Discussing This Week:

Gu X., Johansen J.P. (2024) Prefrontal encoding of an internal model for emotional inference. BioRxiv: https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.04.22.590529

Previously:

Li HQ, Jiang W, Ling L, Pratelli M, Chen C, Gupta V, Godavarthi SK, Spitzer NC. (2024) Generalized fear after acute stress is caused by change in neuronal cotransmitter identity. Science. 383:1252-1259. doi: 10.1126/science.adj5996.

Zhang X, Liu Y, Hong X, Li X, Meshul CK, Moore C, Yang Y, Han Y, Li WG, Qi X, Lou H, Duan S, Xu TL, Tong X. (2021) NG2 glia-derived GABA release tunes inhibitory synapses and contributes to stress-induced anxiety. Nat Commun. 12(1):5740. doi: 10.1038/s41467-021-25956-y.

Zhu F, Elnozahy S, Lawlor J, Kuchibhotla KV. The cholinergic basal forebrain provides a parallel channel for state-dependent sensory signaling to auditory cortex. (2023) Nat Neurosci. 26:810-819. doi: 10.1038/s41593-023-01289-5.

Yamada J, Maeda S, Tojo M, Hayashida M, Iinuma KM, Jinno S. (2023) Altered regulation of oligodendrocytes associated with parvalbumin neurons in the ventral hippocampus underlies fear generalization in male mice. Neuropsychopharm. 48:1668-1679. doi: 10.1038/s41386-023-01611-6.

Sun W, Liu Z, Jiang X, Chen MB, Dong H, Liu J, Südhof TC, Quake SR. (2024) Spatial transcriptomics reveal neuron-astrocyte synergy in long-term memory. Nature. Mar;627(8003):374-381. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-023-07011-6

Walker EY, Pohl S, Denison RN, Barack DL, Lee J, Block N, Ma WJ, Meyniel F. (2023) Studying the neural representations of uncertainty. Nature Neuroscience, 10.1038/s41593-023-01444-y

Asokan M.M., Watanabe Y., Kimchi E.Y., Polley D.B. (2023) Potentiation of cholinergic and corticofugal inputs to the lateral amygdala in threat learning. Cell Reports 42: 113167.

Yu H, Chen L, Lei H, Pi G, Xiong R, Jiang T, Wu D, Sun F, Gao Y, Li Y, Peng W, Huang B, Song G, Wang X, Lv J, Jin Z, Ke D, Yang Y, Wang JZ. (2022) Infralimbic medial prefrontal cortex signalling to calbindin 1 positive neurons in posterior basolateral amygdala suppresses anxiety- and depression-like behaviours. Nat Commun. 13:5462.

Cummings KA, Bayshtok S, Dong TN, Kenny PJ, Clem RL. (2022) Control of fear by discrete prefrontal GABAergic populations encoding valence-specific information. Neuron, doi: 10.1016/j.neuron.2022.07.004.

Yanpallewar S, Tomassoni-Ardori F, Palko ME, Hong Z, Kiris E, Becker J, Fulgenzi G, Tessarollo L. (2022) TrkA-cholinergic signaling modulates fear encoding and extinction learning in PTSD-like behavior. Transl Psychiatry 12(1):111.

Ben-Ami Bartal I, Rodgers DA, Bernardez Sarria MS, Decety J, Mason P. (2014) Pro-social behavior in rats is modulated by social experience. Elife 3:e01385

Huggins A.A, Weis C.N., Parisi E.A., Bennett K.P., Miskovic V., Larson C.L. (2021) Neural substrates of human fear generalization: A 7T-fMRI investigation. Neuroimage 239: 118308.

Fu X, Teboul E, Weiss GL, Antonoudiou P, Borkar CD, Fadok JP, Maguire J, Tasker JG. (2022) Gq neuromodulation of BLA parvalbumin interneurons induces burst firing and mediates fear-associated network and behavioral state transition in mice. Nat Comm 13: 1290.

LA Osso, KA Rankin, JR Chan (2021) Experience-dependent myelination following stress is mediated by the neuropeptide dynorphin Neuron 109: 3619-3632.e5

Rachel A. Walker, Rebecca L. Suthard, Taylor N. Perison, Nora M. Sheehan, Caitlin C. Dwyer, Jillian K. Lee, Eghosa K. Enabulele, Madelyn H. Ray and Michael A. McDannald (2022) Dorsal raphe 5-HT neurons utilize, but do not generate, negative aversive prediction errors eNeuro. 0132-21.2022

Joffe ME, Maksymetz J, Luschinger JR, Dogra S, Ferranti AS, Luessen DJ, Gallinger IM, Xiang Z, Branthwaite H, Melugin PR, Williford KM, Centanni SW, Shields BC, Lindsley CW, Calipari ES, Siciliano CA, Niswender CM, Tadross MR, Winder DG, Conn PJ. (2022) Acute restraint stress redirects prefrontal cortex circuit function through mGlu 5 receptor plasticity on somatostatin-expressing interneurons. Neuron S0896-6273: 01044-8.

Sánchez-Bellot C, AlSubaie R, Mishchanchuk K, Wee RWS, MacAskill AF. (2022) Two opposing hippocampus to prefrontal cortex pathways for the control of approach and avoidance behaviour. Nat Comm 13: 339

Whittle N, Fadok J, MacPherson KP, Nguyen R, Botta P, Wolff SBE, Müller C, Herry C, Tovote P, Holmes A, Singewald N, Lüthi A, Ciocchi S. (2021) Central amygdala micro-circuits mediate fear extinction. Nat Comm 12: 4156

Lazic SE. (2010) The problem of pseudoreplication in neuroscientific studies: is it affecting your analysis? BMC Neurosci 11:5.

Yu W, Pati D, Pina MM, Schmidt KT, Boyt KM, Hunker AC, Zweifel LS, McElligott ZA, Kash TL (2021) Periaqueductal gray/dorsal raphe dopamine neurons contribute to sex differences in pain-related behaviors. Neuron 109:1365-1380.

Benamer N, Vidal M, Balia M, Angulo MC. (2020) Myelination of parvalbumin interneurons shapes the function of cortical sensory inhibitory circuits. Nat Communications 11:5151.

Cai LX, Pizano K, Gundersen GW, Hayes CL, Fleming WT, Holt S, Cox JM, Witten IB. (2020) Distinct signals in medial and lateral VTA dopamine neurons modulate fear extinction at different times. eLife: 9:e54936. doi:10.7554/eLife.54936.

Shine JM, Müller EJ, Munn B, Cabral J, Moran RJ, Breakspear M. (2021)
Computational models link cellular mechanisms of neuromodulation to large-scale neural dynamics. Nat Neurosci. doi: 10.1038/s41593-021-00824-6.

Khalighinejad N, Bongioanni A, Verhagen L, Folloni D, Attali D, Aubry JF, Sallet J, Rushworth MFS. (2020) A Basal Forebrain-Cingulate Circuit in Macaques Decides It Is Time to Act. Neuron 105: 37-384.

Sohn JMB, de Souza STF, Raymundi AM, Bonato J, de Oliveira RMW, Prickaerts J, Stern CA. (2020) Persistence of the extinction of fear memory requires late-phase cAMP/PKA signaling in the infralimbic cortex. Neurobiol Learn Mem. 172:107244.

Kim CK, Sanchez MI, Hoerbelt P., Fenno LE, Malenka RC, Deisseroth K, Ting AY (2020) A Molecular Calcium Integrator Reveals a Striatal Cell Type Driving Aversion. Cell 183: 2003-2019.

Pan S., Mayoral S.R., Choi H.S., Chan J.R., Kheirbek M. (2020) Preservation of a remote fear memory requires new myelin formation. Nat. Neurosci 23: 487-499.

Qin C, Bian XL, Wu HY, Xian JY, Cai CY, Lin YH, Zhou Y, Kou XL, Chang L, Luo CX, Zhu DY. (2020) Dorsal Hippocampus to Infralimbic Cortex Circuit is Essential for the Recall of Extinction Memory. Cereb Cortex Nov 14;bhaa320.

Cho KKA, Davidson TJ, Bouvier G, Marshall JD, Schnitzer MJ, Sohal VS. (2020) Cross-hemispheric gamma synchrony between prefrontal parvalbumin interneurons supports behavioral adaptation during rule shift learning. Nat Neurosci. 23:892-902.

Companion discussion paper:

Buzsáki G, Schomburg EW. (2015) What does gamma coherence tell us about inter-regional neural communication? Nat Neurosci.18:484-9.

Lovett-Barron M, Chen R, Bradbury S, Andalman AS, Wagle M, Guo S, Deisseroth K. (2020) Multiple convergent hypothalamus-brainstem circuits drive defensive behavior. Nat Neurosci.

McMurray KMJ, Gray A, Horn P, Sah R. (2020) High Behavioral Sensitivity to Carbon Dioxide Associates with Enhanced Fear Memory and Altered Forebrain Neuronal Activation. Neuroscience 429: 92-105.

Day HLL, Suwansawang S, Halliday DM, Stevenson CW. (2020) Sex differences in auditory fear discrimination are associated with altered medial prefrontal cortex function. Sci Rep. 10:6300.

van Holstein M., MacLeod P.E., Floresco S. (2019) Basolateral amygdala - nucleus accumbens circuitry regulates optimal cue-guided risk/reward decision making. Prog Neuropsychopharm and Biol Psych. 98: 109830.

Dolensek N, Gehrlach DA, Klein AS, Gogolla N. (2020) Facial expressions of emotion states and their neuronal correlates in mice. Science 368 :89-94.

Dabney W., Kurth-Nelson Z., Uchida N., Starkweather C.K., Hassabis D., Munos R., Botvinick M. (2020) A Distributional Code for Value in Dopamine-Based Reinforcement Learning. Nature 577: 671-675.

Gao C, Leng Y, Ma J, Rooke V, Rodriguez-Gonzalez S, Ramakrishnan C, Deisseroth K, Penzo MA. (2020) Two genetically, anatomically and functionally distinct cell types segregate across anteroposterior axis of paraventricular thalamus. Nat Neurosci. 23:217-228.

Zhang B, Ma S, Rachmin I, He M, Baral P, Choi S, Gonçalves WA, Shwartz Y, Fast EM, Su Y, Zon LI, Regev A, Buenrostro JD, Cunha TM, Chiu IM, Fisher DE, Hsu YC. (2020) Hyperactivation of sympathetic nerves drives depletion of melanocyte stem cells. Nature 577:676-681.

Scheggia D, Managò F, Maltese F, Bruni S, Nigro M, Dautan D, Latuske P, Contarini G, Gomez-Gonzalo M, Requie LM, Ferretti V, Castellani G, Mauro D, Bonavia A, Carmignoto G, Yizhar O, Papaleo F. Somatostatin interneurons in the prefrontal cortex control affective state discrimination in mice (2020) Nature Neurosci 23:47-60.

Blume R.S., Padival M., Urban J.H., Rosenkranz A.J. (2019) Disruptive effects of repeated stress on basolateral amygdala neurons and fear behavior across the estrous cycle. Sci Rep 9:12292. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6707149/

Forkosh O, Karamihalev S, Roeh S, Alon U, Anpilov S, Touma C, Nussbaumer M, Flachskamm C, Kaplick PM, Shemesh Y, Chen A.(2019) Identity domains capture individual differences from across the behavioral repertoire. Nature Neuroscience. Nov. 4.

Kasugai Y, Vogel E, Hörtnagl H, Schönherr S, Paradiso E, Hauschild M, Göbel G, Milenkovic I, Peterschmitt Y, Tasan R, Sperk G, Shigemoto R, Sieghart W, Singewald N, Lüthi A, Ferraguti F. (2019) Structural and Functional Remodeling of Amygdala GABAergic Synapses in Associative Fear Learning. Neuron 104:1-14.

Smith EH, Horga G, Yates MJ, Mikell CB, Banks GP, Pathak YJ, Schevon CA, McKhann II GM, Hayden BY, Botvinick MM, Sheth SA. (2019) Widespread temporal coding of cognitive control in the human prefrontal cortex. Nature Neuro, https://www.nature.com/articles/s41593-019-0494-0

Du. J., Price M.P., Taugher R.J., Gigsby D., Ash J.J., Stark A.C., Saad M.Z.H., Singh K., Mandal J., Wemmie J.A., Welsh M.J. (2017) Transient acidosis while retrieving a fear-related memory enhances its lability. eLife;6:e22564.

Hasan MT, Althammer F, Silva da Gouveia M, Goyon S, Eliava M, Lefevre A, Kerspern D, Schimmer J, Raftogianni A, Wahis J, Knobloch-Bollmann HS, Tang Y, Liu X, Jain A, Chavant V, Goumon Y, Weislogel JM, Hurlemann R, Herpertz SC, Pitzer C, Darbon P, Dogbevia GK, Bertocchi I, Larkum ME, Sprengel R, Bading H, Charlet A, Grinevich V. (2019) A Fear Memory Engram and Its Plasticity in the Hypothalamic Oxytocin System. Neuron.103:133-146.e8.

Yaeger CE, Ringach DL, Trachtenberg JT. (2019) Neuromodulatory control of localized dendritic spiking in critical period cortex. Nature 567:100-104.

Stephenson-Jones M., Bravo-Rivera C., Ahrens S., Furlan A., Ferndandes-Henriques C., Li B. bioRxiv preprint, posted 3/31/19. https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/594887v1

Falkner AL, Grosenick L, Davidson TJ, Deisseroth K, Lin D. (2016) Hypothalamic control of male aggression seeking behavior. Nat Neurosci 19:596.

Zhang K., Chen CD, Monosov IE (2019) Novelty, Salience, and Surprise Timing are Signaled by Neurons in the Basal Forebrain. Current Biology 29:134.

Baek J, Lee S, Cho T, Kim SW, Kim M, Yoon Y, Kim KK, Byun J, Kim SJ, Jeong J, Shin HS. (2019) Neural Circuits Underlying a Psycho-therapeutic Regimen for Fear Disorders. Nature, 566: 339.

Pryluk R., Kfir Y., Gelbard-Sagiv H., Fried I., Paz R. (2019) A Tradeoff in the Neural Code Between Regions and Species. Cell 176: 597-609.

Popper, K. (1935) Theory. In The Logic of Scientific Discovery. London and New York: Routledge Classics.

Ronovsky M, Zambon A, Cicvaric A, Boehm V, Hoesel B, Moser BA, Yang J, Schmid JA, Haubensak WE, Monje FJ, Pollak DD. (2019) A role for miR-132 in learned safety. Sci Reports 9: 528.

Seo C, Guru A, Jin M, Ito B, Sleezer BJ, Ho YY, Wang E, Boada C, Krupa NA, Kullakanda DS, Shen CX, Warden MR. (2019) Intense threat switches dorsal raphe serotonin neurons to a paradoxical operational mode. Science. 363:538-542.

Corder G., Ahanonu B., Grewe B.F., Wang D., Schnitzer M.J., Scherrer G. (2019) An amygdalar neural ensemble that encodes the unpleasantness of pain. Science 363: 276-281.

Zhang X., Li B. (2018) Population coding of valence in basolateral amygdala. Nat Comm 9: 5195.

Nelson A., Mooney R. (2016) The basal forebrain and motor cortex provide convergent yet distinct movement-related inputs to the auditory cortex. Neuron, 90: 635-648.

Allsop SA, Wichmann R, Mills F, Burgos-Robles A, Chang CJ, Felix-Ortiz AC, Vienne A, Beyeler A, Izadmehr EM, Glober G, Cum MI, Stergiadou J, Anandalingam KK, Farris K, Namburi P, Leppla CA, Weddington JC, Nieh EH, Smith AC, Ba D, Brown EN, Tye KM. (2018) Corticoamygdala Transfer of Socially Derived Information Gates Observational Learning. Cell, 10.1016/j.cell.2018.04.004

Ren J, Friedmann D, Xiong J, Liu CD, Ferguson BR, Weerakkody T, DeLoach KE, Ran C, Pun A, Sun Y, Weissbourd B, Neve RL, Huguenard J, Horowitz MA, Luo L. (2018) Anatomically Defined and Functionally Distinct Dorsal Raphe Serotonin Sub-systems. Cell, doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2018.07.043

Aitta-Aho T, Hay YA, Phillips BU, Saksida LM, Bussey TJ, Paulsen O, Apergis-Schoute J. (2018) Basal Forebrain and Brainstem Cholinergic Neurons Differentially Impact Amygdala Circuits and Learning-Related Behavior. Curr Biol, doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2018.06.064.

Giardino WJ, Eban-Rothschild A, Christoffel DJ, Li SB, Malenka RC, de Lecea L. (2018) Parallel circuits from the bed nuclei of stria terminalis to the lateral hypothalamus drive opposing emotional states. Nat Neurosci 21:1084-1095.

Ahrens S., Wu M.V., Furlan A., Hwang G-R., Paik R., Li H., Penzo M., Tollukuhn J., Li B. (2018) A central extended amygdala circuit that modulates anxiety. J Neurosci 38: 5567-5583.

Marek R, Xu L, Sullivan RKP, Sah P. (2018) Excitatory connections between the prelimbic and infralimbic medial prefrontal cortex show a role for the prelimbic cortex in fear extinction. Nat Neurosci 21:654-658.

Ashley J, Cordy B, Lucia D, Fradkin LG, Budnik V, Thomson T. (2018) Retrovirus-like Gag Protein Arc1 Binds RNA and Traffics across Synaptic Boutons. Cell 172: 262-274.

Marek R, Jin J, Goode TD, Giustino TF, Wang Q, Acca GM, Holehonnur R, Ploski JE, Fitzgerald PJ, Lynagh T, Lynch JW, Maren S, Sah P. (2018) Hippocampus-driven feed-forward inhibition of the prefrontal cortex mediates relapse of extinguished fear. Nat Neuroscie 21:384-392.

Salay N.D.S., Ishiko N., Huberman A.D. (2018) A midline thalamic circuit determines reactions to visual threat. Nature, doi: 10.1038/s41586-018-0078-2.

Kuchibhotla KV, Gill JV, Lindsay GW, Papadoyannis ES, Field RE, Sten TA, Miller KD, Froemke RC (2017) Parallel processing by cortical inhibition enables context-dependent behavior. Nat Neurosci 20: 62-71.

Madarasz TJ, Diaz-Mataix L, Akhand O, Ycu EA, LeDoux JE, Johansen JP. (2016) Evaluation of ambiguous associations in the amygdala by learning the structure of the environment. Nat Neurosci 19: 965

Steinmetz NA, Buetfering C, Lecoq J, Lee CR, Peters AJ, Jacobs EAK, Coen P, Ollerenshaw DR, Valley MT, de Vries SEJ, Garrett M, Zhuang J, Groblewski PA, Manavi S, Miles J, White C, Lee E, Griffin F, Larkin JD, Roll K, Cross S, Nguyen TV, Larsen R, Pendergraft J, Daigle T, Tasic B, Thompson CL, Waters J, Olsen S, Margolis DJ, Zeng H, Hausser M, Carandini M, Harris KD. (2017) Aberrant Cortical Activity in Multiple GCaMP6-Expressing Transgenic Mouse Lines. eNeuro. 4(5). pii: ENEURO.0207-17.2017.

Murugan M, Jang HJ, Park M, Miller EM, Cox J, Taliaferro JP, Parker NF, Bhave V, Hur H, Liang Y, Nectow AR, Pillow JW, Witten IB.(2017) Combined social and spatial coding in a descending projection from the prefrontal cortex. Cell 171: 1663 - 1677.

Karl Popper, The Logic of Scientific Discovery, Routledge Press, 1959 (Chapters I and II).

Espinosa N, Alonso A, Morales C, Espinosa P, Chávez AE, Fuentealba P. (2017) Basal Forebrain Gating by Somatostatin Neurons Drives Prefrontal Cortical Activity. doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhx302

Davis P., Zaki Y., Maguire J., Reijmers LG. (2017) Cellular and oscillatory substrates of fear extinction learning.Nat. Neurosci: doi: 10.1038/nn.4651

Martin-Fernandez M., Jamison S., Robin L.M., Zhao Z., Martin E.D., Aguilar J., Benneyworth M.A., Marsicano G., Araque A. (2017) Synapse-specific astrocyte gating of amygdala-related behavior. Nat Neurosci: doi:10.1038/nn.4649.

Wimmer R.D., Schmitt L.I., Davidson T.J., Nakajima M., Deisseroth K., Halassa M.M. (2015) Thalamic control of sensory selection in divided attention. Nature 526: 705-709.

Han W., Tellez L.A., Rangel Jr. M.J., Motta S.C., Zhang X., Perez I.O., Canteras N.S., Shammah-Lagnado S.J., van den Pol A.N., de Araujo I.E. (2017) Integrated control of predatory hunting by the central nucleus of the amygdala. Cell 168:311-324.

Gielow M.R., Zaborzsky L. (2017) The input-output relationship of the cholinergic basal forebrain. Cell Rep 18:1870-1830.

Halladay L.R., Blair H.T. (2015) Distinct ensembles of medial prefrontal cortex neurons are activated by threatening stimuli that elicit excitation vs. inhibition of movement. J Neurophysiol 114:793-807.

Grewe B.F., Gründemann J., Kitch L.J., Lecoq J.A., Parker J.G., Marshall J.D., Larkin M.C., Jercog P.E., Grenier F., Li J.Z., Lüthi A., Schnitzer M.J. (2017) Neural ensemble dynamics underlying a long-term associative memory. Nature 543: 670-675.

Kim W.B., Cho J-H. (2017) Synaptic targeting of double-projecting ventral CA1 hippocampal neurons to the medial prefrontal cortex and basal amygdala. J Neurosci 37:4868-4882.

Otis J.M., Namboodiri V.M., Matan A.M., Voets E.S., Mohorn E.P., Kosyk O., McHenry J.A., Robinson J.E., Resendez S.L., Rossi M.A., Stuber G.D. (2017) Prefrontal cortex output circuits guide reward seeking through divergent cue encoding. Nature 543: 103-107.

Wallis C.U., Cardinal R.N., Alexander L., Roberts A.C., Clarke H.F. (2017) Opposing roles of primate areas 25 and 32 and their putative rodent homologs in the regulation of negative emotion. PNAS 114: E4075-4084.

Gruene T.M., Lipps J., Rey C.D., Bouck A., Shansky R.M. (2014) Heat exposure in female rats elicits abnormal fear expression and cellular changes in prefrontal cortex and hippocampus. Neurobiol Learn Mem 115: 38-42.

Miniscope workshop (Becky).

Day H.L.L., Reed M.M., Stevenson C.W. (2016) Sex differences in discriminating between cues predicting threat and safety. Neurobiol Learn Mem 133: 196-203.

Danielle and Margo are presenting posters on April 5 & 6 this week at the Undergraduate Research Conference.

A competitive inhibitory circuit for selection of active and passive fear responses.

Fadok JP, Krabbe S, Markovic M, Courtin J, Xu C, Massi L, Botta P, Bylund K, Müller C, Kovacevic A, Tovote P, Lüthi A.(2017) Nature, 542: 196.

An inhibitory pull-push circuit in frontal cortex.

Garcia-Junco-Clemente P., Ikrar T., Tring E., Xu X., Ringach D.L., Trachtenberg J.T. Nat Neurosci 20:389.

Gq/5-HT2c receptor signals activate a local GABAergic inhibitory feedback circuit to modulate serotonergic firing and anxiety in mice.

Spoida K, Masseck OA, Deneris ES, Herlitze S. PNAS 111:6479.

An intra-amygdala circuit specifically regulates social fear learning

Twinning R.C., Vantrease J.E., Love S., Padival M., Rosenkranz J.A. Nat Neurosci 20: 459. (2017)

Distinct hippocampal pathways mediate dissociable roles of context and memory retrieval.

Xu C., Krabbe S., Grundemann J., Botta P., Fadok J., Osakada F., Saur D., Grewe B.F., Schnitzer M.J., Callaway E.M., Luthi A.

Basal forebrain neuronal inhibition enables rapid behavioral stopping

Jeffrey D. Mayse, Geoffrey M. Nelson, Irene Avila, Michela Gallagher, and Shih-Chieh Lin,

Dysregulation of Prefrontal Cortex-Mediated Slow-Evolving Limbic Dynamics Drives Stress-Induced Emotional Pathology.

Hultman R, Mague SD, Li Q, Katz BM, Michel N, Lin L, Wang J, David LK, Blount C, Chandy R, Carlson D, Ulrich K, Carin L, Dunson D, Kumar S, Deisseroth K, Moore SD, Dzirasa K.

Cortical cholinergic signaling controls the detection of cues

Howard J. Grittona , William M. Howea , Caitlin S. Mallorya , Vaughn L. Hetricka , Joshua D. Berkea , and Martin Sartera,1

A shared neural ensemble links distinct contextual memories encoded close in time

Denise J. Cai1 *, Daniel Aharoni1,2,3*, Tristan Shuman2,3*, Justin Shobe1 *, Jeremy Biane4,5, Weilin Song1 , Brandon Wei1 , Michael Veshkini1 , Mimi La-Vu1 , Jerry Lou2,3, Sergio E. Flores2,3, Isaac Kim1 , Yoshitake Sano1 , Miou Zhou1 , Karsten Baumgaertel6, Ayal Lavi1 , Masakazu Kamata7 , Mark Tuszynski4,5, Mark Mayford6, Peyman Golshani2,3 & Alcino J. Silva1

Big Congrats to Carolina on passing her First Exam!

September 26, 2019

Carolina joined the lab in May and just defended her First Exam, great work!

Here Carolina trains Rebecca how to dominate at foosball.